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UKHSA Warns of Potential Second Norovirus Wave

3 March, 2025

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has warned of a possible second wave of norovirus infections. Current reports indicate a significant rise in cases, with the highest recorded levels since 2014. The emergence of new strains means that even those previously infected this season may be at risk of reinfection.

Introduction:

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, and muscle aches. The UKHSA has issued an alert regarding a potential second wave of infections, as cases continue to rise sharply across the UK.

One of the primary concerns is the increased prevalence of the GII.4 strain, which now accounts for 29% of infections compared to just 10% three months ago. Given this shift, individuals who have already had norovirus this season may still be vulnerable to reinfection.

Current Situation and Risk Factors:

  • Surge in Cases: Laboratory-confirmed cases of norovirus have reached their highest levels since 2014, prompting the UKHSA to issue an early warning.
  • New Strain Developments: While the GII.17 genotype remains dominant, the rapid rise in the GII.4 strain raises concerns about increased transmissibility and susceptibility.
  • Impact on Vulnerable Groups: Norovirus is particularly dangerous for older adults, young children, and those with weakened immune systems, making infection control critical.

Preventative Measures:

The UKHSA emphasises the importance of strict hygiene practices to prevent the spread of norovirus, particularly in care homes, hospitals, and schools. Key recommendations include:

  • Handwashing: Wash hands frequently with soap and warm water. Alcohol-based sanitisers are ineffective against norovirus.
  • Surface Disinfection: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces with bleach-based cleaning products.
  • Food Safety: Handle food with care and ensure proper cooking to avoid contamination.
  • Isolation: Individuals experiencing symptoms should remain at home and avoid healthcare settings until at least 48 hours after symptoms resolve.

Guidance for Healthcare Professionals:

  • Enhanced Infection Control: Healthcare and care home staff should implement strict hygiene measures to minimise outbreaks.
  • Patient Management: Those with symptoms should be isolated where possible to prevent the spread of infection.
  • Public Awareness: Patients and the public should be informed about the risks and advised on preventive measures.
  • Reporting Cases: Outbreaks in healthcare and care settings should be reported to local health protection teams for further monitoring and response.

Implications for Public Health:

A second wave of norovirus could place additional strain on healthcare services already under winter pressures. Hospitals, GP surgeries, and care homes should remain vigilant and prepared for a potential increase in cases.

Public awareness and adherence to hygiene measures will be key in controlling the spread of the virus and protecting vulnerable groups.

Conclusion:

With norovirus cases reaching record levels and new strains emerging, the risk of a second wave remains high. The UKHSA urges individuals and healthcare professionals to follow strict hygiene protocols to prevent further transmission. Maintaining proper hand hygiene, isolating symptomatic individuals, and ensuring robust infection control in healthcare settings will be essential in mitigating the impact of this outbreak.

Citation:

UK Health Security Agency. “UKHSA Warns of Potential Second Norovirus Wave.” Published 27 February 2025. Gov.uk.

 

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