Artificial Pancreas Systems Transforming Lives of Children and Young People with Type 1 Diabetes
NICE has confirmed that approximately 20,000 children and young people in England are now using hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems—so-called artificial pancreas technology—to automate insulin delivery and enhance diabetes management.
Introduction
Following NICE’s December 2023 guidance and NHS England’s 5‑year rollout plan, hybrid closed‑loop systems have rapidly been adopted by eligible children and young people with type 1 diabetes. Uptake has risen from 36% to 62% between April 2023–March 2024 and April 2024–March 2025, according to the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit.
How the Technology Works
An HCL system integrates an insulin pump, continuous glucose sensor and smart algorithm via a smartphone app. It automates most insulin delivery, with users inputting carbohydrate intake before meals. This reduces the need for multiple daily injections and finger‑prick testing.
Real‑World Impact
Parents report profound improvements. One mother said the technology “has taken so much hard work out of the process” and was “life changing”. Other benefits include fewer dangerous blood sugar fluctuations at night, greater independence for young people, and improved school performance.
Addressing Inequalities
Uptake varies by age, ethnicity and deprivation, with younger children, white ethnicity and less deprived areas showing slightly higher usage. South Yorkshire ICB leads in uptake, with 77% of eligible children using HCL systems. NHS England is funding targeted support, such as family liaison workers, to reduce disparities.
Improved Clinical Outcomes
Children using HCL systems have the lowest average HbA₁c readings compared to other technologies, reducing long‑term risks such as kidney or eye disease. The algorithms also prevent severe hypoglycaemia by halting insulin delivery when blood sugar drops too low.
Next Steps
Experts expect the technology to become more accurate, compact and easier to use, further enhancing diabetes care and user experience. Final data from the NPDA will report in March 2026.
Citation:
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2025, 16 June). ‘Artificial pancreas’ transforming the lives of thousands of children and young people with type 1 diabetes. NICE. (nice.org.uk)
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